🚨 Montgomery: None 🚨 Vilas; Oneida; Forest; Florence; Lincoln: Frost Advisory issued September 22 at 12:30PM CDT until September 23 at 7:00AM CDT by NWS Green Bay WI 🚨 Lake; Ashtabula Lakeshore: Beach Hazards Statement issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 23 at 10:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Northern Erie: Beach Hazards Statement issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 22 at 11:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Lucas; Ottawa; Erie; Lorain; Cuyahoga: Beach Hazards Statement issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 23 at 10:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Maumee Bay to Reno Beach OH; Reno Beach to The Islands OH; The Islands to Vermilion OH; Vermilion to Avon Point OH; Avon Point to Willowick OH: Small Craft Advisory issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 23 at 10:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Conneaut OH to Ripley NY: Small Craft Advisory issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 22 at 11:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Willowick to Geneva-on-the Lake OH; Geneva-on-the-Lake to Conneaut OH: Small Craft Advisory issued September 22 at 1:27PM EDT until September 23 at 10:00PM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Ontonagon; Baraga; Marquette; Alger; Luce; Gogebic; Iron; Dickinson; Delta; Southern Schoolcraft; Southern Houghton; Northern Schoolcraft: Frost Advisory issued September 22 at 1:23PM EDT until September 23 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Marquette MI 🚨 Northern St. Lawrence; Northern Franklin; Eastern Clinton; Southwestern St. Lawrence; Western Franklin; Western Chittenden; Lamoille; Washington; Orange; Eastern Franklin; Eastern Chittenden; Eastern Addison; Eastern Rutland; Western Windsor: Frost Advisory issued September 22 at 1:20PM EDT until September 23 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Burlington VT
Active Tropical Systems & Formation Outlook
A whole-basin summary of all active tropical cyclones and the NHC
Tropical Weather Outlook, generated with the
tropycal
package. Select a storm below for its official forecast and model guidance.
ZCZC MIATCDAT1 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Tropical Depression Fay Discussion Number 13
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL062026
300 PM GMT Tue Sep 22 2026
Fay is currently comprised of a swirl of low- to mid-level clouds
with no convection. A recent ASCAT-B overpass indicates that the
maximum winds are now near 30 kt, and based on this the cyclone is
downgraded to a tropical depression. Unless convection comes back
in the next several hours, Fay should degenerate into a remnant low
later today.
The system is moving southwestward, or 230/9 kt, as it rounds the
eastern periphery of a low- to mid-level ridge to its west. A turn
toward the west-southwest and then the west is expected over the
next day or two as the ridge strengthens and builds eastward to the
north of Fay. Due to a slight southward shift in the guidance
envelope, the new track forecast is a little south of the previous
forecast.
Currently, Fay is in an environment of moderate northwesterly shear
and dry air entrainment. While the dynamical models forecast the
shear to subside during the next 24 h, they also forecast strong
upper-level convergence over the system and continued dry air
entrainment. Based on this and the model simulated satellite
imagery, it appears unlikely that Fay will re-develop persistent
organized convection after the shear decreases. Thus, the new
intensity forecast follows the old forecast in showing a gradual
weakening of the remnant low until dissipation near 120 h.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 22/1500Z 31.1N 34.6W 30 KT 35 MPH
12H 23/0000Z 30.5N 35.9W 30 KT 35 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
24H 23/1200Z 29.9N 37.9W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
36H 24/0000Z 29.5N 39.9W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
48H 24/1200Z 29.4N 41.6W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
60H 25/0000Z 29.5N 43.1W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
72H 25/1200Z 29.5N 44.3W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
96H 26/1200Z 30.0N 46.0W 20 KT 25 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
120H 27/1200Z...DISSIPATED
$$
Forecaster Beven
NNNN
ZCZC MIATCDEP1 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Tropical Storm Odalys Discussion Number 10
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP162026
800 AM PDT Tue Sep 22 2026
Deep convection continues to build around the center of Odalys as
the cyclone improves in organization. The most recent objective
satellite intensity estimates from UW-CIMSS range from 49-61 kt.
Meanwhile, TAFB's most recent Dvorak fix was T3.5/55 kt, which still
the same as the previous cycle. Based on the given data, the
initial intensity has been held at 55 kt for this advisory.
There is larger than normal amount of uncertainty in regards to the
initial position of Odalys with this forecast due to high clouds
obscuring the low-level center and an outage of satellite data this
morning. The cyclone is currently moving northward, or 355/4 kt. A
further decrease in forward speed is possible as the storm continues
to move more northward, then east-northeastward tonight as a trough
that is moving across the eastern Pacific toward the western coast
of the United States continues to deepen. Afterwards, Odalys will be
steered by the flow of the trough resulting an east-northeastward to
eastward motion for the next few days. After day three, the
uncertainty in the track increases due to potential interaction with
Hurricane Polo, which could cause Odalys to slow down late in the
forecast period. The current NHC track forecast is similar to the
previous advisory with only a few minor adjustments, however there
is a higher degree of uncertainty with the forecast track due to
the low-confidence initial position and analysis. That said, the
forecast is still in good agreement with the HCCA and GDMI forecast
aids.
Environmental conditions are forecast to become more conducive for
intensification over the next few days, as the vertical wind shear
should weaken slightly. In addition the cyclone will be in an
environment with plenty of mid-level moisture and warm
sea-surface temperatures. Therefore, Odalys is forecast to become a
hurricane with in the next day or so. Between 48 to 72 h, the storm
could encounter a drier mid-level air mass and increased wind shear
from the upper-level outflow from Hurricane Polo. The lastest NHC
intensity forecast remains on the upper end of the model guidance,
but close to the HCCA and GDMI forecast aids.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 22/1500Z 14.9N 130.5W 55 KT 65 MPH
12H 23/0000Z 15.2N 129.9W 65 KT 75 MPH
24H 23/1200Z 15.3N 128.7W 75 KT 85 MPH
36H 24/0000Z 15.6N 127.3W 75 KT 85 MPH
48H 24/1200Z 16.1N 126.0W 75 KT 85 MPH
60H 25/0000Z 16.7N 124.8W 70 KT 80 MPH
72H 25/1200Z 17.4N 123.7W 65 KT 75 MPH
96H 26/1200Z 18.9N 123.0W 55 KT 65 MPH
120H 27/1200Z 20.7N 122.8W 45 KT 50 MPH
$$
Forecaster Katz/Zelinsky
NNNN
ZCZC MIATCDEP2 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Hurricane Polo Discussion Number 8
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP172026
900 AM CST Tue Sep 22 2026
Polo has a spectacular presentation on geostationary and microwave
satellite imagery, with a small well-defined eye surrounded by a
symmetrical area of very deep convection. The upper-level outflow
is quite prominent over all quadrants of the system and there are
strong convective banding features surrounding the central dense
overcast. A Subjective Dvorak data T-number from TAFB just after
1200 UTC was 7.0, corresponding to 140 kt, and assuming a little
more strengthening since that time, the advisory intensity is set
to 145 kt. Despite its great strength, Polo remains a relatively
small cyclone with its hurricane and tropical-storm-force winds
estimated to only extend about 30 and 80 n mi from the eye,
respectively.
The powerful hurricane appears to have stopped moving eastward, and
it is now drifting northward at around 360/2 kt. A deep-layer
ridge is becoming established over Mexico. This evolution of the
steering pattern should result in Polo turning west-northwestward
and beginning to move parallel, but fairly close to, the coast of
Mexico over the next couple of days. There is still uncertainty as
to how close the hurricane will get to the coast, and some wind,
rain, and surf impacts appear likely when Polo makes its closest
approach. A Tropical Storm Warning has been issued for a portion
of the coast of Mexico and the Tropical Storm Watch has been
extended westward. Polo should begin to pull away from southwestern
Mexico Thursday night and Friday as the ridge keeps the system on a
west-northwestward to northwestward path. The steering currents
become more uncertain over the weekend when Polo reaches the western
edge of the ridge and nears Tropical Storm Odalys to its west.
However Polo is likely to slow down and move more northward around
day 5. Little change was made to the NHC track forecast, which lies
on the northern side of the guidance envelope.
Polo should remain in an environment that is very conducive for
strengthening during next couple of days. It should be noted that
for these intense hurricanes, inner-core changes such as eyewall
replacements are quite common. These changes can lead to some
fluctuations in intensity. However, Polo is likely to remain a
dangerous major hurricane through the forecast period.
Key Messages:
1. Heavy rainfall associated with Polo will impact coastal portions
of southwest Mexico through Thursday. This rainfall may produce
life-threatening flooding and mudslides, especially in areas of
steep terrain.
2. A Tropical Storm Warning is now in effect for portions of
southwestern Mexico, and the Tropical Storm Watch has been extended
westward along the coast. Interests in these areas should closely
monitor updates to the forecast.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 22/1500Z 14.7N 101.6W 145 KT 165 MPH
12H 23/0000Z 15.0N 101.5W 155 KT 180 MPH
24H 23/1200Z 15.4N 101.9W 150 KT 175 MPH
36H 24/0000Z 16.1N 102.8W 150 KT 175 MPH
48H 24/1200Z 16.7N 104.2W 140 KT 160 MPH
60H 25/0000Z 17.1N 105.9W 130 KT 150 MPH
72H 25/1200Z 17.3N 107.5W 125 KT 145 MPH
96H 26/1200Z 18.4N 110.8W 115 KT 130 MPH
120H 27/1200Z 20.8N 112.7W 105 KT 120 MPH
$$
Forecaster Pasch
NNNN
Threshold
Probability
× Climatology
20kt/12hr
72%
11.5×
25kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
30kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
35kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
40kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
45kt/36hr
0%
0.0×
55kt/48hr
0%
0.0×
65kt/72hr
0%
0.0×
95I
(IO952026)
Type: TDMax Wind: 30 ktMin Pressure: 995 hPaPosition: 17.9, 85.2Basin: North Indian
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
ECMWF 10-m Streamlines
This map visualizes near-surface winds from the ECMWF operational model using streamlines — continuous curves that show the direction of the wind at every point. Streamlines help us visually detect patterns of atmospheric flow, such as jets, troughs, and areas of rotation.
Forecasters at the NHC monitor 10-meter wind fields for signs of a closed low-level circulation — a common feature of early tropical cyclone formation. When streamlines wrap into a tight, circular pattern and form a closed loop, it may signal that a system is transitioning from a disorganized disturbance into a structured cyclone.
This early organization of wind flow is a key threshold in classifying an area as a potential tropical cyclone. While other ingredients like convection and mid-level humidity are also necessary, closed low-level circulation is often the first structural milestone forecasters look for.
Look for small, circular loops in the streamlines over oceanic regions — especially where other environmental factors also align for storm formation.
ECMWF Predictions
No active storm found in ECMWF data at this time.
Environmental Indicators
Hypothetical TC Drift Paths
This map displays hypothetical tropical cyclone (TC) paths projected from genesis-favorable zones identified by an environmental mask. These paths are computed using the Emanuel Beta and Advection Model, a physically based framework that estimates the motion of nascent cyclones by combining steering-level winds and planetary rotation effects.
The model blends winds from two critical pressure levels — 850 hPa (lower troposphere) and 250 hPa (upper troposphere) — weighted toward the lower level where most of a tropical cyclone's mass resides. It also incorporates a background component associated with beta drift, which arises from the variation of the Coriolis force with latitude.
Each pink trajectory represents a storm initialized from a grid cell where all five environmental thresholds were favorable: high CAPE, low vertical wind shear, high mid-level humidity, warm SSTs, and positive low-level vorticity. Arrows darken with time, tracing the cyclone’s evolution in 6-hour steps. These tracks can move over land given the steering winds, but in reality these storms weaken quickly when no longer over warm water. This means the tracks that move over significant would likely die out quickly and are not well represented in this model.
Hypothetical storms often drift westward and poleward, steered by large-scale tropical flow and Earth's rotation — this helps forecasters anticipate where early-stage disturbances might evolve into organized storms.
Pressure & Rainfall (hPa)
This chart shows 24-hour forecasts of surface pressure (in hPa) and precipitation (in mm) for select U.S. cities.
The data comes from the Open-Meteo API,
which sources its predictions from high-resolution numerical weather models like ICON (from the German Weather Service)
and ECMWF's IFS. These are advanced general circulation models (GCMs) that solve physical equations governing the
atmosphere — including thermodynamics, fluid motion, and radiation — to simulate and forecast future states of weather.
A sudden drop in pressure may signal the approach of a developing storm system. Increasing rainfall intensity often
tracks with tropical activity or frontal systems. These paired indicators help visualize evolving atmospheric instability and potential hazards.
NBDC Gulf Buoy Data
This data comes from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), a division of NOAA responsible for monitoring ocean
and atmospheric conditions using moored buoys, coastal stations, and drifting floats. These sensors play a vital role in
tracking tropical cyclone development by recording variables like wind speed,
barometric pressure, air & sea surface temperatures, and wave height — all of which
help determine storm structure and intensification.
A sudden drop in sea-level pressure or a spike in wind gusts can signal rapid cyclone strengthening.
Water temperature above ~26°C is a key fuel source for tropical cyclones. Wave and swell height give insight
into the storm’s reach and energy transfer across the ocean. Monitoring these in real time helps improve forecasts and early warnings.
Wind: ENE (70°), 7.8 kt | Gust: 9.7 kt
Pressure: 29.93 rising | Air Temp: 85.6 °F
Water Temp: 87.3 °F | Dew Point: 76.5 °F
Swell: 1.0 ft | Wind Wave: 1.0 ft
NWS U.S. Radar
The National Weather Service (NWS) collects radar data using the NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) network —
a nationwide system of over 150 high-resolution Doppler radar stations. Radar works by emitting pulses of energy
that bounce off precipitation (like raindrops, hail, or snow) and return to the radar dish. Doppler radar not only detects the
location and intensity of storms, but also their motion — by measuring shifts in frequency caused by movement of particles toward
or away from the radar site. This allows meteorologists to spot rotating storms and potential tornadoes in real time.
GOES 15-min Satellite
The GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) system is operated by NOAA
and provides continuous weather observation over the Americas. Orbiting 22,300 miles above Earth,
GOES satellites deliver high-resolution imagery every 15 minutes, helping track tropical systems, cloud formation,
and atmospheric motion in real time. The Geocolor imagery shown here combines visible and infrared data
to highlight clouds, land, and sea in a natural-looking format.
GOES Band 13 – Infrared (IR) Imagery
Band 13 (10.3 µm) is one of the most important infrared channels for tropical meteorology, measuring emitted radiation from cloud tops.
Colder colors (red, yellow) signal deep convection, where strong thunderstorms punch through the upper atmosphere.
These features often indicate the early stages of tropical cyclone formation.
Most recent GOES Band 13 image. Provided by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR.