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Active Tropical Systems & Formation Outlook
A whole-basin summary of all active tropical cyclones and the NHC
Tropical Weather Outlook, generated with the
tropycal
package. Select a storm below for its official forecast and model guidance.
ZCZC MIATCDAT5 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Tropical Storm Edouard Discussion Number 6
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL052026
400 PM CDT Tue Sep 01 2026
Edouard continued to strengthen through its landfall as a 50-kt
tropical storm in southwestern Cameron Parish, Louisiana, at 1920
UTC. Current radar data shows convective bands with heavy rainfall
and gusty winds spreading over portions of southeastern Texas on the
west side of the storm. Based on the latest surface observations, it
appears a little weakening has occurred since landfall, and the
initial intensity is lowered slightly to 45 kt. A Tropical Storm
Warning remains in effect for portions of the Upper Texas coast and
southwestern Louisiana.
Edouard is moving toward the northwest (305/7 kt) and will remain on
this heading through early Wednesday, bringing the center farther
inland over eastern Texas. No notable changes were made to the NHC
track forecast. Quick weakening is expected now that the center is
inland, and Edouard is likely to become a tropical depression
tonight and dissipate by Wednesday night. Even though the system is
inland, the threat of heavy rainfall and flash flooding will
continue through the overnight hours.
Key Messages:
1. Tropical storm conditions associated with Edouard will continue
along the Upper Texas and extreme southwestern Louisiana coasts
within the warning area through this evening.
2. Heavy rain will impact parts of the Upper Texas coast through
east-central Texas into far Southwest Louisiana through Thursday
morning as Edouard tracks inland. Flash flooding is likely across
this region, especially in urban areas. Significant flash flooding
is possible. River flooding may also be possible.
3. Minor coastal flooding is still possible along the Upper Texas
and southwestern Louisiana coasts through this evening.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 01/2100Z 29.9N 94.0W 45 KT 50 MPH...INLAND
12H 02/0600Z 30.7N 94.8W 30 KT 35 MPH...INLAND
24H 02/1800Z 31.6N 95.7W 25 KT 30 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
36H 03/0600Z...DISSIPATED
$$
Forecaster Reinhart
NNNN
ZCZC MIATCDEP1 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Hurricane Karina Discussion Number 22
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP112026
1100 AM HST Tue Sep 01 2026
Karina remains a powerful major hurricane. However, the cyclone
appears to have lost a little strength. The eye of the hurricane
remains cloud filled and the cloud tops around the eye are not quite
as cold as they were earlier this morning. The latest satellite
intensity estimates range from 90 kt to about 135 kt, and based on
that data and the slightly degraded appearance, the initial
intensity is nudged lower to 115 kt.
The major hurricane is moving westward at about 10 kt. A general
slow westward to west-northwestward motion is expected during the
next 3 to 4 days as a narrow mid-level ridge remains situated to the
north of the hurricane. Over the weekend, a turn to the northwest
seems likely as the ridge shifts eastward and as the cyclone
approaches a mid- to upper-level low north of Hawaii. Little change
was made to the previous forecast, except for a slight northward
adjustment at days 4 and 5. Even though there is a fair amount of
spread in the models toward the end of the forecast period, there is
high confidence that the system will pass to the north of the
Hawaiian Islands.
Karina is forecast to gradually lose strength over the next several
days. Although the wind shear is expected to remain low for the next
few days, progressively cooler SSTs and decreasing relative humidity
values should cause steady weakening. However, the hurricane could
become annular, which might cause it to weaken at a slower pace than
average. The models are unanimous in showing weakening, but vary on
the rate. The NHC intensity forecast is similar to the previous one,
and lies a little above the model consensus.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 01/2100Z 18.2N 129.9W 115 KT 130 MPH
12H 02/0600Z 18.4N 131.4W 110 KT 125 MPH
24H 02/1800Z 18.9N 133.3W 100 KT 115 MPH
36H 03/0600Z 19.3N 135.2W 90 KT 105 MPH
48H 03/1800Z 19.7N 137.1W 85 KT 100 MPH
60H 04/0600Z 20.0N 138.9W 80 KT 90 MPH
72H 04/1800Z 20.3N 140.8W 70 KT 80 MPH
96H 05/1800Z 21.6N 143.9W 60 KT 70 MPH
120H 06/1800Z 23.6N 146.3W 55 KT 65 MPH
$$
Forecaster Cangialosi
NNNN
ZCZC MIATCDEP3 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Tropical Storm Marie Discussion Number 3
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP132026
200 PM MST Tue Sep 01 2026
The satellite presentation of Marie continues to improve with
curved bands over the northern and eastern portions of the
circulation. Recent scatterometer data shows that Marie has a
large wind field with tropical-storm-force winds extending outward
up to 160 nautical miles over the eastern semicircle. The ASCAT
data revealed peak winds of 45 kt and given the typical
undersampling of that instrument, the initial intensity has been
raised to 50 kt. That value is near a consensus of the various
subjective and objective satellite intensity estimates.
The storm will be moving over sea surface temperatures around
29 degrees Celsius and remain in a low shear environment during the
next couple of days. With the large radius of maximum winds, it
may take a little time for the system to establish an inner core,
but once that occurs steady intensification is likely. The NHC
intensity forecast is a little higher than the previous forecast
and lies between the HCCA and GDMI models. There is some potential
that Marie could strengthen more quickly over the next day or two
than indicated in the forecast below. After day 4, cooler SSTs and
a more stable airmass are expected to cause gradual weakening.
Marie continues to move northwestward around the western portion of
a mid-level ridge over Mexico. A narrow ridge is forecast to
establish itself to the north of Marie in a day or two, which
should cause the system to turn west-northwestward. After 72 hours,
an amplifying mid-level trough along the west coast of the United
State could cause Marie to slow down. It is after that time period
that there is larger spread in the track guidance. The NHC forecast
leans closer to the typically reliable HFIP corrected consensus
model and the Google Deep Mind ensemble mean.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 01/2100Z 15.5N 109.5W 50 KT 60 MPH
12H 02/0600Z 16.5N 110.5W 60 KT 70 MPH
24H 02/1800Z 17.5N 111.8W 75 KT 85 MPH
36H 03/0600Z 18.4N 113.2W 85 KT 100 MPH
48H 03/1800Z 19.2N 114.8W 90 KT 105 MPH
60H 04/0600Z 19.8N 116.4W 90 KT 105 MPH
72H 04/1800Z 20.3N 117.9W 90 KT 105 MPH
96H 05/1800Z 21.7N 120.3W 80 KT 90 MPH
120H 06/1800Z 22.9N 122.9W 70 KT 80 MPH
$$
Forecaster Brown
NNNN
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
WDPN32 PGTW 012100
MSGID/GENADMIN/JOINT TYPHOON WRNCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//
SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TROPICAL DEPRESSION 17W (SAUDEL)
WARNING NR 042//
RMKS/
1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.
2. 6 HOUR SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS.
SUMMARY:
INITIAL POSITION: 21.4N 116.3E
INITIAL INTENSITY: 30 KTS
GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: 129 NM EAST-SOUTHEAST OF HONG KONG
MOVEMENT PAST 6 HOURS: NORTHEASTWARD AT 09 KTS
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT: 16 FEET
SATELLITE ANALYSIS, INITIAL POSITION AND INTENSITY DISCUSSION:
ANIMATED ENHANCED INFRARED (EIR) SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS TROPICAL
DEPRESSION (TD) 17W WITH A PARTIALLY EXPOSED LOW-LEVEL CIRCULATION
CENTER (LLCC) SURROUNDED BY FLARING CONVECTION THAT REMAINS MOST
PERSISTENT IN THE SOUTHWEST QUADRANT. WEAK EQUATORWARD OUTFLOW CAN BE
SEEN IN ANIMATED WATER VAPOR IMAGERY. A 011400Z METOP-B ASCAT WIND
SPEED IMAGE REVEALED POOR SYMMETRY IN THE LLCC AND A HIGHLY ASYMMETRIC
WIND FIELD WITH THE STRONGEST WINDS ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN PERIPHERY,
ENHANCED BY THE SOUTHWEST MONSOONAL FLOW. THE INITIAL POSITION IS
PLACED WITH MEDIUM CONFIDENCE BASED ON THE PARTIALLY EXPOSED LLCC IN
EIR AND EXTRAPOLATION FROM THE ASSESSED CENTER OF THE ASCAT IMAGE. THE
INITIAL INTENSITY OF 30 KTS IS ASSESSED WITH MEDIUM CONFIDENCE BASED
ON A CORRELATION OF THE AGENCY DVORAK FIXES AND THE ASCAT WIND SPEEDS.
THE ENVIRONMENT IS CHARACTERIZED AS MARGINALLY FAVORABLE WITH WARM SEA
SURFACE TEMPERATURES BEING OFFSET BY LOW TO MODERATE VERTICAL WIND
SHEAR (VWS) AND WEAK OUTFLOW ALOFT.
INITIAL WIND RADII BASIS: NOT APPLICABLE (THERE ARE NO INITIAL WIND
RADII).
CURRENT STEERING MECHANISM: THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF A NEAR
EQUATORIAL RIDGE (NER) CENTERED OVER MINDANAO
AGENCY DVORAK AND AUTOMATED FIXES:
PGTW: T2.0 - 30 KTS
RJTD: T1.5 - 25 KTS
RCTP: T2.0 - 30 KTS
CIMSS ADT: 37 KTS AT 011740Z
CIMSS AIDT: 39 KTS AT 011740Z
CIMSS D-MINT: 29 KTS AT 011804Z
CIMSS D-PRINT: 30 KTS AT 011710Z
FORECASTER ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENT: MARGINALLY FAVORABLE
VWS: 10-15 KTS
SST: 28-29 CELSIUS
OUTFLOW: WEAK EQUATORWARD
ANALYSIS CONFIDENCE:
INITIAL POSITION: MEDIUM
INITIAL INTENSITY: MEDIUM
INITIAL WIND RADII: NOT APPLICABLE
3. FORECAST REASONING.
SIGNIFICANT FORECAST CHANGES: THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO
THE FORECAST FROM THE PREVIOUS WARNING.
FORECAST DISCUSSION: TD 17W HAS CONTINUED TRACKING NORTHEASTWARD UNDER
THE STEERING INFLUENCE OF THE NER TO THE SOUTHEAST. THE SYSTEM IS
FORECAST TO CONTINUE ALONG A NORTHWESTWARD TRACK FOR THE NEXT 12 HOURS
BEFORE TURNING POLEWARD THEN WESTWARD BETWEEN TAU 24-36 AS IT ENTERS A
WEAKER STEERING ENVIRONMENT. A RIDGE BUILDING OVER EASTERN CHINA IS
EXPECTED TO ASSERT SOME CONTROL AROUND TAU 36 AND STEER THE SYSTEM
SOUTHWESTWARD ALONG THE COAST OF CHINA FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE
FORECAST PERIOD. THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY ABOUT HOW SHARPLY THE TRACK
WILL TURN SOUTHWESTWARD AND WHETHER THE VORTEX WILL BE JUST ONSHORE OR
JUST OFFSHORE OF SOUTHEASTERN CHINA. THE CURRENT FORECAST FAVORS THE
FORMER SCENARIO WHICH IS EXPECTED TO RESULT IN A STEADY INTENSITY
THROUGH LANDFALL JUST AFTER TAU 36, THEN WEAKENING AND DISSIPATION
OVER LAND BY TAU 72.
MODEL DISCUSSION: MODEL TRACK GUIDANCE IS IN GENERALLY GOOD AGREEMENT
ABOUT THE SHORT TERM NORTHEASTWARD TRACK FOLLOWED BY A TURN
SOUTHWESTWARD AT VARYING DEGREES. BECAUSE OF THE TIMING OF THE
SOUTHWESTWARD TURN AND UNCERTAINTY IN THE STEERING ENVIRONMENT AFTER
ABOUT TAU 24, THE JTWC TRACK IS PLACED WITH LOW CONFIDENCE CLOSER TO
THE GROUPING OF AI GUIDANCE THAT FAVORS LANDFALL. THE INTENSITY
GUIDANCE HAS MEDIUM CONFIDENCE FOR THE SAME REASON, AS ANY TRACK
REMAINING OVER WATER GIVES THE POTENTIAL FOR SOME INTENSIFICATION IN
THE LATER TAUS, HOWEVER, THE JTWC INTENSITY FORECAST REMAINS ON THE
HIGHER END OF AVAILABLE GUIDANCE.
FORECAST CONFIDENCE:
TRACK 00-72 HR: LOW
INTENSITY 00-72 HR: LOW//
NNNN
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
WDPN31 PGTW 012100
MSGID/GENADMIN/JOINT TYPHOON WRNCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//
SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TROPICAL STORM 22W (KROVANH) WARNING NR
003//
RMKS/
1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.
2. 6 HOUR SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS.
SUMMARY:
INITIAL POSITION: 22.0N 133.4E
INITIAL INTENSITY: 35 KTS
GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: 408 NM SOUTHEAST OF KADENA AB
MOVEMENT PAST 6 HOURS: EASTWARD AT 06 KTS
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT: 18 FEET
SATELLITE ANALYSIS, INITIAL POSITION AND INTENSITY DISCUSSION:
ANIMATED ENHANCED INFRARED (EIR) SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS A POORLY
ORGANIZED, BROAD CIRCULATION LACKING PERSISTENT CENTRAL CONVECTION.
THE EIR ALSO DEPICTS SOME DRY AIR ENTRAINMENT FROM THE WEST WORKING
ITS WAY INTO THE SYSTEM CENTER. THE LOW-LEVEL CIRCULATION CENTER IS
SOMEWHAT AMBIGUOUS DUE TO THE DISORGANIZED NATURE OF THE SYSTEM AND
APPARENT ELONGATION ALONG A GENERALLY NORTHWEST-SOUTHEAST AXIS.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE VORTEX STRUCTURE HAS BEEN PREVENTED BY A
LACK OF RECENT SCATTEROMETER OR MICROWAVE IMAGERY. THE INITIAL
POSITION IS PLACED WITH MEDIUM CONFIDENCE BASED ON THE
AFOREMENTIONED AMBIGUITY OF THE LLCC STRUCTURE, BASED ON LOW-LEVEL
CLOUD TRACING IN THE ANIMATED EIR. THE INITIAL INTENSITY OF 35 KTS
IS ASSESSED WITH MEDIUM CONFIDENCE BASED ON THE AGENCY DVORAK FIXES
AND AN EARLIER 011430Z PARTIAL SCATTEROMETER PASS THAT DEPICTED 35
KT WINDS IN THE SOUTHWEST QUADRANT. THE ENVIRONMENT IS
CHARACTERIZED AS MARGINALLY FAVORABLE, WITH MODERATE EQUATORWARD
OUTFLOW ALOFT, LOW (10-15 KTS) VERTICAL WIND SHEAR, SUBSIDENCE OVER
THE WESTERN PERIPHERY, AND WARM (28-29 C) SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES.
INITIAL WIND RADII BASIS: PERSISTENCE
CURRENT STEERING MECHANISM: COMPETING STEERING ENVIRONMENT WITH A
SUBTROPICAL RIDGE (STR) POSITIONED TO THE NORTHEAST AND A NEAR
EQUATORIAL RIDGE (NER) TO THE SOUTHWEST.
AGENCY DVORAK AND AUTOMATED FIXES:
PGTW: T2.0 - 30 KTS
RCTP: T2.5 - 35 KTS
CIMSS ADT: 33 KTS AT 011740Z
CIMSS AIDT: 36 KTS AT 011740Z
CIMSS D-MINT: 30 KTS AT 011622Z
CIMSS D-PRINT: 27 KTS AT 011740Z
FORECASTER ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENT: MARGINALLY FAVORABLE
VWS: 5-10 KTS
SST: 28-29 CELSIUS
OUTFLOW: MODERATE EQUATORWARD
OTHER FACTORS: DRY AIR ENTRAINMENT FROM THE WEST
ANALYSIS CONFIDENCE:
INITIAL POSITION: MEDIUM
INITIAL INTENSITY: MEDIUM
INITIAL WIND RADII: LOW
3. FORECAST REASONING.
SIGNIFICANT FORECAST CHANGES: THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO
THE FORECAST FROM THE PREVIOUS WARNING.
FORECAST DISCUSSION: TROPICAL STORM (TS) 22W IS FORECAST TO
CONTINUE TRACKING SLOWLY OVER THE NEXT 6-12 HOURS WITHIN THE
COMPETING AND WEAK STEERING ENVIRONMENT. THE NER TO THE SOUTHWEST
IS EXPECTED TO WEAKEN AND SHIFT WESTWARD DURING THAT TIME AND ALLOW
THE STR TO THE NORTHEAST BECOME THE PRIMARY STEERING INFLUENCE.
THE FORECAST TRACK UNDER THIS STEERING ENVIRONMENT IS
NORTHWESTWARD THROUGH TAU 48 AS 22W APPROACHES THE RYUKYU ISLANDS.
AFTER TAU 48, A MIDLATITUDE TROUGH IS EXPECTED TO WEAKEN THE
STEERING RIDGE AND LEAVE THE SYSTEM IN A WEAK STEERING ENVIRONMENT.
IN GENERAL, THE SYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN QUASI-STATIONARY
BETWEEN TAU 48-72, TURNING SLOWLY POLEWARD THEN SOUTHEASTWARD AS
THE TROUGH EXITS TO THE EAST AND THE STR IS ALLOWED TO BUILD BACK
INTO THE AREA. IN TERMS OF INTENSITY, THE SYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO
CONTINUE SLOWLY CONSOLIDATING OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS, THEN
GRADUALLY INTENSIFY TO A PEAK AROUND 45 KTS THROUGH TAU 72. A SLOW
WEAKENING TREND IS EXPECTED THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE FORECAST
PERIOD.
MODEL DISCUSSION: MODEL TRACK GUIDANCE REMAINS IN VERY POOR
AGREEMENT THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE FORECAST PERIOD. THERE IS SOME
CONSENSUS AMONG THE GUIDANCE SUITE REGARDING A GENERALLY
NORTHWESTWARD TRACK IN THE FIRST 49 HOURS, BUT THERE REMAINS A
SIZEABLE CROSS-TRACK AND ALONG-TRACK SPREAD. THERE IS VIRTUALLY NO
CONSENSUS ABOUT THE AFTER TAU 48, WITH ALL TRACK GUIDANCE DIVERGING
WITHIN THE WEAK STEERING ENVIRONMENT. EVENTUALLY, …
ECMWF 10-m Streamlines
This map visualizes near-surface winds from the ECMWF operational model using streamlines — continuous curves that show the direction of the wind at every point. Streamlines help us visually detect patterns of atmospheric flow, such as jets, troughs, and areas of rotation.
Forecasters at the NHC monitor 10-meter wind fields for signs of a closed low-level circulation — a common feature of early tropical cyclone formation. When streamlines wrap into a tight, circular pattern and form a closed loop, it may signal that a system is transitioning from a disorganized disturbance into a structured cyclone.
This early organization of wind flow is a key threshold in classifying an area as a potential tropical cyclone. While other ingredients like convection and mid-level humidity are also necessary, closed low-level circulation is often the first structural milestone forecasters look for.
Look for small, circular loops in the streamlines over oceanic regions — especially where other environmental factors also align for storm formation.
ECMWF Predictions
No active storm found in ECMWF data at this time.
Environmental Indicators
Hypothetical TC Drift Paths
This map displays hypothetical tropical cyclone (TC) paths projected from genesis-favorable zones identified by an environmental mask. These paths are computed using the Emanuel Beta and Advection Model, a physically based framework that estimates the motion of nascent cyclones by combining steering-level winds and planetary rotation effects.
The model blends winds from two critical pressure levels — 850 hPa (lower troposphere) and 250 hPa (upper troposphere) — weighted toward the lower level where most of a tropical cyclone's mass resides. It also incorporates a background component associated with beta drift, which arises from the variation of the Coriolis force with latitude.
Each pink trajectory represents a storm initialized from a grid cell where all five environmental thresholds were favorable: high CAPE, low vertical wind shear, high mid-level humidity, warm SSTs, and positive low-level vorticity. Arrows darken with time, tracing the cyclone’s evolution in 6-hour steps. These tracks can move over land given the steering winds, but in reality these storms weaken quickly when no longer over warm water. This means the tracks that move over significant would likely die out quickly and are not well represented in this model.
Hypothetical storms often drift westward and poleward, steered by large-scale tropical flow and Earth's rotation — this helps forecasters anticipate where early-stage disturbances might evolve into organized storms.
Pressure & Rainfall (hPa)
This chart shows 24-hour forecasts of surface pressure (in hPa) and precipitation (in mm) for select U.S. cities.
The data comes from the Open-Meteo API,
which sources its predictions from high-resolution numerical weather models like ICON (from the German Weather Service)
and ECMWF's IFS. These are advanced general circulation models (GCMs) that solve physical equations governing the
atmosphere — including thermodynamics, fluid motion, and radiation — to simulate and forecast future states of weather.
A sudden drop in pressure may signal the approach of a developing storm system. Increasing rainfall intensity often
tracks with tropical activity or frontal systems. These paired indicators help visualize evolving atmospheric instability and potential hazards.
NBDC Gulf Buoy Data
This data comes from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), a division of NOAA responsible for monitoring ocean
and atmospheric conditions using moored buoys, coastal stations, and drifting floats. These sensors play a vital role in
tracking tropical cyclone development by recording variables like wind speed,
barometric pressure, air & sea surface temperatures, and wave height — all of which
help determine storm structure and intensification.
A sudden drop in sea-level pressure or a spike in wind gusts can signal rapid cyclone strengthening.
Water temperature above ~26°C is a key fuel source for tropical cyclones. Wave and swell height give insight
into the storm’s reach and energy transfer across the ocean. Monitoring these in real time helps improve forecasts and early warnings.
Wind: NNE (20°), 3.9 kt | Gust: 5.8 kt
Pressure: 29.98 | Air Temp: 87.8 °F
Water Temp: 88.9 °F | Dew Point: 79.2 °F
Swell: 1.0 ft | Wind Wave: 0.3 ft
NWS U.S. Radar
The National Weather Service (NWS) collects radar data using the NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) network —
a nationwide system of over 150 high-resolution Doppler radar stations. Radar works by emitting pulses of energy
that bounce off precipitation (like raindrops, hail, or snow) and return to the radar dish. Doppler radar not only detects the
location and intensity of storms, but also their motion — by measuring shifts in frequency caused by movement of particles toward
or away from the radar site. This allows meteorologists to spot rotating storms and potential tornadoes in real time.
GOES 15-min Satellite
The GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) system is operated by NOAA
and provides continuous weather observation over the Americas. Orbiting 22,300 miles above Earth,
GOES satellites deliver high-resolution imagery every 15 minutes, helping track tropical systems, cloud formation,
and atmospheric motion in real time. The Geocolor imagery shown here combines visible and infrared data
to highlight clouds, land, and sea in a natural-looking format.
GOES Band 13 – Infrared (IR) Imagery
Band 13 (10.3 µm) is one of the most important infrared channels for tropical meteorology, measuring emitted radiation from cloud tops.
Colder colors (red, yellow) signal deep convection, where strong thunderstorms punch through the upper atmosphere.
These features often indicate the early stages of tropical cyclone formation.
Most recent GOES Band 13 image. Provided by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR.