🚨 Inland Berkeley: Lake Wind Advisory issued October 18 at 1:31PM EDT until October 18 at 8:00PM EDT by NWS Charleston SC 🚨 Montgomery: None 🚨 Wayne; Fayette; Union; Franklin; Ripley; Dearborn; Ohio; Switzerland; Carroll; Gallatin; Boone; Kenton; Campbell; Owen; Grant; Pendleton; Bracken; Robertson; Mason; Lewis; Hardin; Mercer; Auglaize; Darke; Shelby; Logan; Union; Delaware; Miami; Champaign; Clark; Madison; Franklin; Licking; Preble; Montgomery; Greene; Fayette; Pickaway; Fairfield; Butler; Warren; Clinton; Ross; Hocking; Hamilton; Clermont; Brown; Highland; Adams; Pike; Scioto: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 1:22PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Wilmington OH 🚨 Humacao, PR; Naguabo, PR: Flood Warning issued October 18 at 1:21PM AST until October 18 at 4:15PM AST by NWS San Juan PR 🚨 Greenup; Carter; Boyd; Lawrence; Perry; Morgan; Athens; Washington; Jackson; Vinton; Meigs; Gallia; Lawrence; Dickenson; Buchanan; Wayne; Cabell; Mason; Jackson; Wood; Pleasants; Tyler; Lincoln; Putnam; Kanawha; Roane; Wirt; Calhoun; Ritchie; Doddridge; Mingo; Logan; Boone; Clay; Braxton; Gilmer; Lewis; Harrison; Taylor; McDowell; Wyoming: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 1:17PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Charleston WV 🚨 Monroe; Wayne; Northern Cayuga: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 1:15PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Buffalo NY 🚨 Elkhart; Lagrange; Steuben; Noble; De Kalb; Starke; Pulaski; Marshall; Fulton; Whitley; Allen; White; Cass; Miami; Wabash; Huntington; Wells; Adams; Grant; Blackford; Jay; Northern La Porte; Eastern St. Joseph; Northern Kosciusko; Southern La Porte; Western St. Joseph; Southern Kosciusko; Williams; Fulton; Defiance; Henry; Paulding; Putnam; Van Wert; Allen: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 1:04PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Northern Indiana 🚨 Lincoln; McDuffie; Columbia; Richmond; Burke; Chesterfield; McCormick; Newberry; Fairfield; Kershaw; Edgefield; Saluda; Lexington; Richland; Lee; Aiken; Sumter; Barnwell; Calhoun; Clarendon; Bamberg; Northern Lancaster; Southern Lancaster; Northwestern Orangeburg; Central Orangeburg; Southeastern Orangeburg: Lake Wind Advisory issued October 18 at 12:35PM EDT until October 18 at 8:00PM EDT by NWS Columbia SC 🚨 Lucas; Wood; Sandusky; Lorain; Hancock; Seneca; Huron; Medina; Summit; Wyandot; Crawford; Richland; Ashland; Wayne; Stark; Marion; Morrow; Holmes; Knox: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 12:25PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Cleveland OH 🚨 Tuscarawas; Carroll; Columbiana; Coshocton; Harrison; Jefferson; Muskingum; Guernsey; Belmont; Noble; Monroe; Beaver; Allegheny; Washington; Greene; Westmoreland; Fayette; Hancock; Brooke; Ohio; Marshall; Wetzel; Marion; Monongalia; Ridges of Eastern Monongalia and Northwestern Preston: Frost Advisory issued October 18 at 12:08PM EDT until October 19 at 9:00AM EDT by NWS Pittsburgh PA
Active Tropical Systems & Formation Outlook
A whole-basin summary of all active tropical cyclones and the NHC
Tropical Weather Outlook, generated with the
tropycal
package. Select a storm below for its official forecast and model guidance.
ZCZC MIATCDEP1 ALL
TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM
Hurricane Trudy Discussion Number 21
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL EP212026
800 AM MST Sun Oct 18 2026
Trudy has changed little in organization during the past few hours.
The hurricane has a well-defined central dense overcast with cloud
tops colder than -80C, and there have been occasional attempts at
eye formation. The various subjective and objective satellite
intensity estimates have an unusually large spread from 62-102 kt,
but there has been little change in them since the previous
advisory. Thus, the initial intensity is held at 90 kt.
The initial motion is still northwestward or 325/7 kt. This motion
should continue today, followed by a turn toward the west-northwest
at a slower forward speed as Trudy shears apart vertically and
becomes steered by the lighter low- to mid-level flow. The new
forecast track is similar to, but a little west of the previous
track. On the forecast track, the hurricane will move away from
southwest and west-central Mexico starting this afternoon and then
move slowly south of Baja California Sur on Monday and Tuesday.
The hurricane is about to encounter increasing southwesterly shear
and a drier and more stable airmass. The dynamical intensity
guidance forecasts this combination to cause rapid weakening
beginning just after 12 h, and the intensity forecast follows the
trend of this guidance. The new forecast follows the previous
forecast, showing Trudy degenerating to a post-tropical cyclone by
60 hours and dissipating in 3 or 4 days. And as mentioned
previously, both of these could occur sooner than currently
predicted.
KEY MESSAGES:
1. Tropical storm conditions are expected in the tropical storm
warning area today.
2. A dangerous storm surge accompanied by damaging waves is likely
in areas of onshore winds within the warning areas.
3. Heavy rainfall associated with Trudy will continue to impact the
southwest Mexican coast between Colima and Nayarit through today.
This rainfall may produce life-threatening flooding and mudslides,
especially in areas along steep terrain.
4. Large swells will continue to affect the coast of southwestern
Mexico and west-central Mexico during the next few days, causing
life-threatening surf and rip current conditions.
FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS
INIT 18/1500Z 19.1N 106.8W 90 KT 105 MPH
12H 19/0000Z 19.7N 107.2W 85 KT 100 MPH
24H 19/1200Z 20.1N 107.8W 70 KT 80 MPH
36H 20/0000Z 20.3N 108.4W 55 KT 65 MPH
48H 20/1200Z 20.6N 109.0W 40 KT 45 MPH
60H 21/0000Z 21.2N 109.6W 30 KT 35 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
72H 21/1200Z 21.7N 110.0W 20 KT 25 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW
96H 22/1200Z...DISSIPATED
$$
Forecaster Beven
NNNN
Threshold
Probability
× Climatology
20kt/12hr
11%
1.8×
25kt/24hr
17%
1.3×
30kt/24hr
12%
1.4×
35kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
40kt/24hr
0%
0.0×
45kt/36hr
0%
0.0×
55kt/48hr
0%
0.0×
65kt/72hr
0%
0.0×
96I
(IO962026)
Type: TDMax Wind: 25 ktMin Pressure: 1007 hPaPosition: 7.1, 58.7Basin: North Indian
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
WDPN32 PGTW 181500
MSGID/GENADMIN/JOINT TYPHOON WRNCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//
SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TYPHOON 29W (CHAMPI) WARNING NR 017//
RMKS/
1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.
2. 6 HOUR SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS.
SUMMARY:
INITIAL POSITION: 13.5N 141.4E
INITIAL INTENSITY: 120 KTS
GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: 187 NM WEST OF NAVSTA GUAM
MOVEMENT PAST 6 HOURS: WEST-NORTHWESTWARD AT 10 KTS
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT: 46 FEET
SATELLITE ANALYSIS, INITIAL POSITION AND INTENSITY DISCUSSION:
ANIMATED ENHANCED INFRARED (EIR) SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS A
COMPACT INNER CORE OF DEEP CONVECTION, FEATURING RAPIDLY DEVELOPING
VORTICAL HOT TOWERS (VHTS) DEEPENING CONCENTRICALLY AND INITIATING
A NEW EYE FORMATION. THE RECENT SATELLITE CHANGES HAVE DRIVEN THE
CIMSS ADT TECHNIQUE TO CHANGE FROM UNIFORM CDO TO AN ACTIVE PINHOLE
EYE SCHEME, WITH RAW T-NUMBERS RAPIDLY INCREASING TO T6.5. THERE HAS
BEEN A LACK OF MICROWAVE IMAGERY COVERAGE OF 29W SINCE 180621Z;
CONSEQUENTLY, THE EXACT PROGRESSION OF THE EYEWALL REPLACEMENT CYCLE
(ERC) CANNOT BE RESOLVED BEYOND OBSERVATIONS OF CLOUD CLEARING WITHIN
THE CENTRAL CORE. THE INITIAL POSITION IS ASSESSED WITH MEDIUM
CONFIDENCE, POSITIONED NEAR THE INCIPIENT EYE RESOLVED IN EIR.
SIMILARLY, THE ABSENCE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SURFACE WIND MEASUREMENTS
CAPABLE OF SAMPLING THE COMPACT INNER-CORE WIND FIELDS FOR THE PAST
36 HOURS ELEVATES INTENSITY UNCERTAINTY. ACCORDINGLY, INITIAL
INTENSITY IS HEDGED CONSERVATIVELY AT 120 KNOTS BASED ON A SYNTHESIS
OF MULTI-AGENCY SUBJECTIVE AND CIMSS OBJECTIVE SATELLITE ESTIMATES.
IN THE UPPER-LEVELS, THE ANTICYCLONE POSITIONED TO THE NORTHWEST
EXHIBITS WEAKENING AND WESTWARD DISPLACEMENT, REDUCING THE NORTHERLY
SHEAR THAT WAS INFLUENCING THE SYSTEM EARLIER. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS REMAIN FAVORABLE, WITH LOW VWS, VERY WARM SSTS, HIGH OHC
AND ROBUST RADIAL OUTFLOW ALOFT.
INITIAL WIND RADII BASIS: OBJECTIVE BEST TRACK
CURRENT STEERING MECHANISM: SOUTHWESTERN PERIPHERY OF A DEVELOPING
SUBTROPICAL RIDGE (STR) CENTER TO THE NORTHEAST.
AGENCY DVORAK AND AUTOMATED FIXES:
PGTW: T6.0 - 115 KTS
RJTD: T7.0 - 140 KTS
RCTP: T6.5 - 127 KTS
CIMSS ADT: 117 KTS AT 181130Z
CIMSS AIDT: 126 KTS AT 181130Z
CIMSS D-MINT: 123 KTS AT 181011Z
CIMSS D-PRINT: 123 KTS AT 181200Z
FORECASTER ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENT: FAVORABLE
VWS: 5-10 KTS
SST: 29-30 CELSIUS
OUTFLOW: STRONG RADIAL
ANALYSIS CONFIDENCE:
INITIAL POSITION: MEDIUM
INITIAL INTENSITY: LOW
INITIAL WIND RADII: LOW
3. FORECAST REASONING.
SIGNIFICANT FORECAST CHANGES: THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO
THE FORECAST FROM THE PREVIOUS WARNING.
FORECAST DISCUSSION: THE TRACK OF TYPHOON 29W HAS SHIFTED WEST-
NORTHWESTWARD OVER THE PAST SIX HOURS, AS THE DEEP-LAYER RIDGE
EXTENSION DRAPED ACROSS THE NORTHERN PACIFIC HAS PINCHED OFF INTO A
DISCRETE SECONDARY ANTICYCLONE TO THE NORTHEAST. SIMULTANEOUSLY, THE
TRANSLATION SPEED HAS DECREASED SLIGHTLY AS A LOCALIZED COL REGION
DEVELOPS NORTH OF THE SYSTEM, RELAXING THE STEERING GRADIENT. THIS
WEAKNESS WILL BE SUPPRESSED BY A EASTWARD EXTENSION OF THE PRIMARY
STR (CENTERED NEAR HONG KONG) WITHIN 24 TO 36 HOURS. THIS CELL IS
PROJECTED TO TRANSLATE RAPIDLY EASTWARD NORTH OF 29W FROM TAU 36 TO
TAU 72, REINFORCING THE NORTHWESTWARD TRAJECTORY AND ACCELERATING THE
CYCLONE TO APPROXIMATELY 13 KNOTS. BY TAU 72, A PASSING POLAR TROUGH
OVER THE KOREAN PENINSULA WILL WEAKEN THE RIDGE, OPENING A STEERING
COL ACROSS THE EAST CHINA SEA. THE RESULTANT RELAXATION OF THE
STEERING GRADIENT WILL INDUCE GRADUAL DECELERATION THROUGH THE END OF
THE FORECAST. REGARDING INTENSITY, THE ERC APPEARS TO HAVE COMPLETED,
AND THE SYNOPTIC ENVIRONMENT FAVORS INCIPIENT REINTENSIFICATION. THE
SYSTEM WILL TRAVERSE AN EXTENSIVE POOL OF THE WARMEST, HIGHEST OHC
WATERS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OVER THE NEXT 48 HOURS, PROVIDING
ROBUST THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY TO SUPPORT SUSTAINED INTENSIFI…
HAFS and GEFS guidance is only available for storms in the US/NHC domain (Atlantic & East/Central Pacific). For this system, the basin summary and best-track position are shown.
WDPS31 PGTW 180900
MSGID/GENADMIN/JOINT TYPHOON WRNCEN PEARL HARBOR HI//
SUBJ/PROGNOSTIC REASONING FOR TROPICAL CYCLONE 01P (WATI) WARNING NR
005//
RMKS/
1. FOR METEOROLOGISTS.
2. 6 HOUR SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS.
SUMMARY:
INITIAL POSITION: 16.1S 162.4W
INITIAL INTENSITY: 65 KTS
GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: 340 NM NORTH-NORTHWEST OF RAROTONGA
MOVEMENT PAST 6 HOURS: SOUTHEASTWARD AT 06 KTS
SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT: 24 FEET
SATELLITE ANALYSIS, INITIAL POSITION AND INTENSITY DISCUSSION:
ANIMATED ENHANCED INFRARED (EIR) SATELLITE IMAGERY DEPICTS A BALL
OF ROUGHLY SYMMETRICAL CONVECTION WITH ISOLATED OVERSHOOTING TOPS.
AN 180450Z SSMIS 91GHZ MICROWAVE IMAGE REVEALED AN UPPER-LEVEL
MICROWAVE EYE-LIKE FEATURE, SURROUNDED BY CURVED CONVECTION.
HOWEVER, A CLOSE INSPECTION OF THE MICROWAVE IMAGE SUGGESTS THE
SYSTEM IS IN THE EARLY PHASES OF VORTEX DECOUPLING, WITH SPIRAL
BAND ANALYSIS SUGGESTING THE LOW LEVEL CIRCULATION CENTER (LLCC) IS
NOT ALIGNED WITH THE UPPER-LEVEL CENTER. ANALYSIS OF HAFS-A
CROSS-SECTIONS SUPPORTS THIS ANALYSIS. THE INITIAL POSITION IS
ASSESSED WITH MEDIUM CONFIDENCE BASED ON THE AFOREMENTIONED SPIRAL
BAND ANALYSIS OF THE LOW-LEVEL BANDING FEATURES EVIDENT IN THE
MICROWAVE IMAGERY. THE INITIAL INTENSITY IS ASSESSED WITH MEDIUM
CONFIDENCE BASED ON A BLEND OF THE SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE
INTENSITY ESTIMATES OUTLINED BELOW. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE
MARGINALLY UNFAVORABLE, WITH RAPIDLY INCREASING SHEAR, DECREASING
SSTS AND STRONG POLEWARD OUTFLOW ALOFT.
INITIAL WIND RADII BASIS: PERSISTENCE
CURRENT STEERING MECHANISM: SOUTHWESTERN PERIPHERY OF A DEEP-LAYER
SUBTROPICAL RIDGE (STR) TO THE NORTHEAST.
AGENCY DVORAK AND AUTOMATED FIXES:
PGTW: T4.0 - 65 KTS
PHFO: T2.5 - 35 KTS
NFFN: T3.5 - 55 KTS
CIMSS SATCON: 62 KTS AT 180720Z
CIMSS ADT: 74 KTS AT 180540Z
CIMSS AIDT: 72 KTS AT 180540Z
CIMSS D-MINT: 48 KTS AT 180326Z
CIMSS D-PRINT: 58 KTS AT 180720Z
FORECASTER ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENT: MARGINALLY
UNFAVORABLE
VWS: 10-15 KTS
SST: 26-27 CELSIUS
OUTFLOW: STRONG POLEWARD
OTHER FACTORS: VORTEX DECOUPLING.
ANALYSIS CONFIDENCE:
INITIAL POSITION: MEDIUM
INITIAL INTENSITY: MEDIUM
INITIAL WIND RADII: LOW
3. FORECAST REASONING.
SIGNIFICANT FORECAST CHANGES: THERE ARE NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO
THE FORECAST FROM THE PREVIOUS WARNING.
FORECAST DISCUSSION: TROPICAL CYCLONE (TC) 01P WILL TRACK
SOUTHEASTWARD ALONG THE SOUTHWESTERN FLANK OF THE STR FOR THE
DURATION OF THE FORECAST PERIOD. REGARDING INTENSITY, THE SYSTEM
HAS VERY LIKELY BEGUN THE VORTEX DECOUPLING PROCESS UNDER GRADUALLY
INCREASING VWS. HAFS-A CROSS-SECTIONS AND STATISTICAL GUIDANCE
DEPICT A SHARP INCREASE IN VWS COMMENCING IN THE NEXT 12 HOURS,
COINCIDENT WITH THE SYSTEM CROSSING POLEWARD OF THE 26C ISOTHERM.
FULL VORTEX DECOUPLING SHOULD OCCUR BY TAU 36, AS THE SYSTEM RACES
SOUTHEASTWARD. 01P COMMENCES EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION (ETT) BY TAU
24, AS IT BEGINS TO INTERACT WITH THE STRONG JET STREAM TO THE
SOUTH, AND A 500MB MAJOR SHORTWAVE TROUGH. BETWEEN TAU 36 AND TAU
48, 01P WILL MOVE INTO PHASE WITH THE 500MB TROUGH, MOVE UNDER THE
JET STREAM AND MERGE INTO THE LOW-LEVEL BAROCLINIC ZONE, AND
TRANSITION TO A STRONG GALE-FORCE LOW PRESSURE AREA.
MODEL DISCUSSION: TRACK GUIDANCE IS IN GOOD AGREEMENT, WITH ALL
MEMBERS OF THE CONSENSUS SUPPORTING A SOUTHEASTWARD TRACK THROUGH
THE DURATION OF THE FORECAST. CROSS-TRACK SPREAD INCREASES TO 155NM
BY TAU 48, WITH ECMWF MARKING THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE GUIDANCE
ENVELOPE AND THE GEFS AND ECEPS MEAN MARKING THE EASTERN SIDE. THE
JTWC FORECAST IS POSITIONED NEAR THE OPERATIONAL GOOGLE DEEPMIND
TRACKER WITH HIGH CONFIDENCE. INTENSITY GUIDANCE IS ALSO IN STRONG
AGREEMENT, WITH ALL MEMBERS OF THE CONSENSUS INDICATING STEADY
WEAKENING THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD.
FORECAST CONFIDENCE:
TRACK 00-72 HR: HIGH
INTENSITY 00-72 HR: HIGH//
NNNN
ECMWF 10-m Streamlines
This map visualizes near-surface winds from the ECMWF operational model using streamlines — continuous curves that show the direction of the wind at every point. Streamlines help us visually detect patterns of atmospheric flow, such as jets, troughs, and areas of rotation.
Forecasters at the NHC monitor 10-meter wind fields for signs of a closed low-level circulation — a common feature of early tropical cyclone formation. When streamlines wrap into a tight, circular pattern and form a closed loop, it may signal that a system is transitioning from a disorganized disturbance into a structured cyclone.
This early organization of wind flow is a key threshold in classifying an area as a potential tropical cyclone. While other ingredients like convection and mid-level humidity are also necessary, closed low-level circulation is often the first structural milestone forecasters look for.
Look for small, circular loops in the streamlines over oceanic regions — especially where other environmental factors also align for storm formation.
ECMWF Predictions
No active storm found in ECMWF data at this time.
Environmental Indicators
Hypothetical TC Drift Paths
This map displays hypothetical tropical cyclone (TC) paths projected from genesis-favorable zones identified by an environmental mask. These paths are computed using the Emanuel Beta and Advection Model, a physically based framework that estimates the motion of nascent cyclones by combining steering-level winds and planetary rotation effects.
The model blends winds from two critical pressure levels — 850 hPa (lower troposphere) and 250 hPa (upper troposphere) — weighted toward the lower level where most of a tropical cyclone's mass resides. It also incorporates a background component associated with beta drift, which arises from the variation of the Coriolis force with latitude.
Each pink trajectory represents a storm initialized from a grid cell where all five environmental thresholds were favorable: high CAPE, low vertical wind shear, high mid-level humidity, warm SSTs, and positive low-level vorticity. Arrows darken with time, tracing the cyclone’s evolution in 6-hour steps. These tracks can move over land given the steering winds, but in reality these storms weaken quickly when no longer over warm water. This means the tracks that move over significant would likely die out quickly and are not well represented in this model.
Hypothetical storms often drift westward and poleward, steered by large-scale tropical flow and Earth's rotation — this helps forecasters anticipate where early-stage disturbances might evolve into organized storms.
Pressure & Rainfall (hPa)
This chart shows 24-hour forecasts of surface pressure (in hPa) and precipitation (in mm) for select U.S. cities.
The data comes from the Open-Meteo API,
which sources its predictions from high-resolution numerical weather models like ICON (from the German Weather Service)
and ECMWF's IFS. These are advanced general circulation models (GCMs) that solve physical equations governing the
atmosphere — including thermodynamics, fluid motion, and radiation — to simulate and forecast future states of weather.
A sudden drop in pressure may signal the approach of a developing storm system. Increasing rainfall intensity often
tracks with tropical activity or frontal systems. These paired indicators help visualize evolving atmospheric instability and potential hazards.
NBDC Gulf Buoy Data
This data comes from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), a division of NOAA responsible for monitoring ocean
and atmospheric conditions using moored buoys, coastal stations, and drifting floats. These sensors play a vital role in
tracking tropical cyclone development by recording variables like wind speed,
barometric pressure, air & sea surface temperatures, and wave height — all of which
help determine storm structure and intensification.
A sudden drop in sea-level pressure or a spike in wind gusts can signal rapid cyclone strengthening.
Water temperature above ~26°C is a key fuel source for tropical cyclones. Wave and swell height give insight
into the storm’s reach and energy transfer across the ocean. Monitoring these in real time helps improve forecasts and early warnings.
Wind: NE (50°), 19.4 kt | Gust: 23.3 kt
Pressure: 30.13 | Air Temp: 79.0 °F
Water Temp: 83.8 °F | Dew Point: 69.3 °F
Swell: 4.6 ft | Wind Wave: 4.9 ft
NWS U.S. Radar
The National Weather Service (NWS) collects radar data using the NEXRAD (Next Generation Radar) network —
a nationwide system of over 150 high-resolution Doppler radar stations. Radar works by emitting pulses of energy
that bounce off precipitation (like raindrops, hail, or snow) and return to the radar dish. Doppler radar not only detects the
location and intensity of storms, but also their motion — by measuring shifts in frequency caused by movement of particles toward
or away from the radar site. This allows meteorologists to spot rotating storms and potential tornadoes in real time.
GOES 15-min Satellite
The GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) system is operated by NOAA
and provides continuous weather observation over the Americas. Orbiting 22,300 miles above Earth,
GOES satellites deliver high-resolution imagery every 15 minutes, helping track tropical systems, cloud formation,
and atmospheric motion in real time. The Geocolor imagery shown here combines visible and infrared data
to highlight clouds, land, and sea in a natural-looking format.
GOES Band 13 – Infrared (IR) Imagery
Band 13 (10.3 µm) is one of the most important infrared channels for tropical meteorology, measuring emitted radiation from cloud tops.
Colder colors (red, yellow) signal deep convection, where strong thunderstorms punch through the upper atmosphere.
These features often indicate the early stages of tropical cyclone formation.
Most recent GOES Band 13 image. Provided by NOAA/NESDIS/STAR.